Regenerative management and restoration of marine resources

The article analyzes the transition from simple corrective adjustments (single-loop learning) to deep reflection on the goals of marine management (double-loop learning). The author emphasizes the role of 'counterfactual ecology' in establishing realistic biomass benchmarks, thereby avoiding the shifting baseline syndrome. A key element is the concept of social-ecological resilience—biological restoration cannot occur at the expense of local communities (social displacement), as system sustainability depends on the co-evolution of social and ecological components. In the face of climate change, which generates institutional lag (the discrepancy between law and ecology), adaptive co-management is essential. This allows for the dynamic reorganization of management structures and benefit-sharing, preventing environmental problems from escalating into distributional conflicts.