why-ko
"์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๋ญ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ค๋ช ํ๊ธฐ๋ ์ด๋ ต๋๋ผ๋ ๋๋ผ๊ณ ๊ณ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์๋ง ์ธ์์ ์ด์๊ฐ๋ฉด์ ๊ณ์ ๋๊ผ์ ๊ฑฐ์์. ์ธ์ (์น)์ด ์๋ชป ๋์๊ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์..." โ Morpheus, The Matrix
์ด์ ์ผ ์ด๋ป๋๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์จ๋ผ์ธ ์์ ์ฝํ ์ธ , ์ ์ฒด์ฑ ๋ฐ ์์ ์ ํฌ์์ํค๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ์ง๋ง, ์๋ฌด๋๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ๋ ์คํํธ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ ์์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋น์ค ์ฌ์ผ๋ก์ ์ ์ฅ์์๋ ๋ณ๋ก ์์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ง์ผ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
์ ์ธ๋ ์น์ธ๊ฐ
- Dan Gillmor: ์ ์ธ๋์น ์ด๋์ด ์ค์ํ๊ฐ (์๋ฌธ)
์น ์ฌ์ดํธ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ์์ ํด์ผ ํ๋ ์ด์
- Brett Slatkin: ๊ธ์ ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์์ ์ ์น์ฌ์ดํธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ ์ด์ (์๋ฌธ)
๋ ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๊ฒฝํ
- ๋ ๋์ UI/UX. ์) Twitter๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋์ ๋ค๋น๊ฒ์ด์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋จํ ์ธ์ฉ ์ธํฐํ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค ์ ์์ [1].
์์
- ๋ง์ถคํ ์๊ฐ ๋์์ธ: ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด Twitter๋ YouTube ๊ฐ์ ๋์์ธ์ ์ข์ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. "์๋์ผ, ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ณด๋ค๋ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ํ๋ ๊ฑด ์ด๊ฑฐ์ผ"๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค์ํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ํฝ ์คํ์ผ ์ ํธ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค.
- ์ด๋ค ์ฝํ
์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค ํํ๋ก ๋ฐฐํฌํ ๊ฒ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ํ ์์ ๊ฐ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ ์ค์ค๋ก์ ๊ท์น๊ณผ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง์ธ์. Erik 21:53, 3 July 2013 (PDT)
- ๋ ๋ง์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ค ํธ์ํฐ์ ์ ํ์ผ๋ก 140์๋ก ํํํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ ๋ ๊ธธ๊ณ ๋ง์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ ์ง์ ์ฌ์ดํธ์ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ธ์. Tantek 16:58, 27 February 2013 (PST)
๊ถํ ์์
- ๋ ํ๋ถํ ์ฝํ ์ธ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง ๋ฐ ๋์์ ๋ฑ ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํจํด์ ํ๋ถํ ์ฝํ ์ธ ๋ก ๋ง๋ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ผญ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. ์) Tantek์ ์๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํธ์ ๊ด๊ณ. Tantek 16:58, 27 February 2013 (PST)
- API๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ํน์ ์ธก๋ฉด์ผ ๋ฟ์ ๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ํต์ ํ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ฒ ๋๋ฉด ์๋ก์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ๋ฐ ์๋ก์ด ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ธ์ ๋ ์ง ๊ด์ฌ์๋ค์๊ฒ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ ๊ณตํด ์ค ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
๊ธ์ด์ด ์ค์ฌ
- ๋ชฉ์ ์ง๋ฅผ ๋งํฌํ๊ณ ๋์ ์ฌ์ดํธ๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๋ฉด ์๋ก์ด ์ ๋ขฐ์ ํธ๋ํฝ์ ์ป์ต๋๋ค. ํน์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ดํธ(Twitter, Facebook, YouTube)๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์์ ๋ค์ ๋ด๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ก ๊ฐ์ธ์ (์: t.co, www.facebook.com/l.php?u=, www.youtube.com/redirect?q=) ์ข ๋ ๋ด๋ถ์ ๋ ๋ง์ ํธ๋ํฝ์ ์ป๊ณ ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ ์น ์ฌ์ดํธ๋ก ์ง์ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฉด HTTP REFERER๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ด๋์ ์๋์ง ํ์ธ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ณ ์ง์ ํธ๋ํฝ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. Tantek 15:09, 13 March 2013 (PDT)
- Amazon ์ ํด ๋งํฌ ์์ ๊ถ๋ ๋ฐ๋๋๋ค ๋ด๋ถ ๋งํฌ ๊ฐ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํตํ๋ฉด ์๋ง์กด์ ์ ํด ๋งํฌ๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์ง๊ฒ ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ๋ง๋ ์ฝํ ์ธ ๋ด์ ์ ํด ๋งํฌ๋ ํ์ด์ค๋ถ์ด๋ ํธ์ํฐ์ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ ์๋ ์์ต๋๋ค. Tantek 15:09, 13 March 2013 (PDT)
๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ ๋งํฌ
- ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋ฉด ๊ณ ์น๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์ฝํ
์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํธ์คํ
ํ๋ฉด, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ์ดํธ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋ฉด ์ง์ ๊ณ ์น๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์๋ ์๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ์ธ์:
- 2013-02-27 compare j.mp link vs longurl(edited 2013-058) on http://tantek.com/2010/145/t1/algorithmic-permashortlinks-diso-2-interview-ownyourdata). Tantek 16:58, 27 February 2013 (PST)
- 2014-05-13 http://tantek.com/2014/133/t2/moved-com-org-updated-links-indieweb-can
๋ฌธ์ ํํผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ
์ฝํ ์ธ ๋ถ์ค
- You're afraid of losing your photos and files[2][3] (MobileMe closure).
- Or you've lost data due to badly written proprietary sync code (e.g. iTunes), or proprietary sync services (e.g. iCloud), and you'd rather use your own site (with more reliable/improvable open source software) to sync your data.
- Or you've lost content due to a production database being blown away, an acquisition shutdown, or post-acquisition migrations to services which were subsequently shut down.
- See site-deaths for chronology.
๋ฎ์ ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ
- You're frustrated by the downtime[4] (Flickr down), outage(2012-06-21 Twitter outage), maintenance(Twitter maintenance), unscalability(Twitter over capacity), and database failures(Tumblr database issues) of web content hosting services.
์ ์ฒด์ฑ ๋ถ์ค
- Your account was frozen because Google decided that you violated the Google+ ToS (or violated their GMail ToS) and now you can't login to all those services you signed up for... using your Google ID. (more: 2012-04-14 [5], 2011-12-11: [6], [7], [8]: "There's no legal reason behind Google's decision to block my daughter's account. They've chosen to implement these age restrictions in this particular way. They've chosen to lock up my daughter's data without warning. They've chosen to threaten to delete the data."). Maybe you got bumped off Twitter for tweeting too much, or you had a product with millions of users and a fan community that was abruptly shut down for an unknown reason. Maybe you were banned for writing a browser extension which allowed users to take control.
- Or you've been disappeared from a hosting service due to trademark claims, e.g. Zephoria: "Tumblr disappeared meโฆ " (see also follow-up: Zephoria: Resolving Trademark and Personal Reputation).
- See site-changes for chronology.
- Your identity is misrepresented by silos with no avenue to correct the false "facts," e.g. Amy Wilentz: "Google Killed Me".
- Or your identity was re-assigned. E.g. 2011 Twitter re-assigned @girlgeeks to a trademark holder, then reversed it eventually but only at request of said trademark holder.
์ฌ์ดํธ ๋ถ์ค
- Your blog was / is being removed because it's too racy by some undefined definition.
- Also see: Tumblr, @violetblue.
๊ฒ์ด
- Or just one post was removed because a silo received a dubious DMCA takedown notice or caved to legal threats, even when content is used under fair use/fair dealing provisions. Running your own site won't guarantee that someone won't abuse the DMCA, but you may stand a better chance than with some of the social media silos, who quickly cave due to fear or convenience (your sharecropping provides less benefit than avoiding dealing with DMCA trolls).
- Examples: wordpress.com (note blog suspension threat also), wordpress.com (again), tumblr.com, youtube.com, facebook.com
- Sometimes sites with a content policy have removed content outside of that content policy.
์ฝํ ์ธ ๋๋
- Your art has been sold without your permission (or notification!) to a 3rd party who then profited from it, e.g. deviantART selling your work.
- You aren't happy that silo owners could use your work without compensation. (Instagram's terms of service change in January 2013 will allow them to use your work for "in connection with paid or sponsored content or promotions, without any compensation to you" - see [9]).
- Your content was taken and its ownership errantly transferred to a big content copyright holder / media company. (YouTube video upload, 2012)
์ฝํ ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ธ ์ ๋ณด ์ด๋ทฐ์ง
- You dislike your identity being used to advertise stuff you never consented to advertise. Facebook again.
- You dislike seeing your content on silos surrounded by ads. Facebook puts adds in the sidebar next to anything you post. Other silos do so similarly.
๊ฐ์ธํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
- Facebook attempts to target you specifically with content you enjoy and thus creates filter bubbles. Over-personalisation of content by social media silos means you are often left unexposed to material you would find interesting or informative but which the algorithm has decided isn't for you.
- See If TiVo Thinks You Are Gay, Here's How to Set It Straight (2002) for an early take on the "uncanny valley" feeling that you get when technology becomes too personalised.
- In 2012, Facebook conducted a study where they "manipulated the emotional content" of user's news feeds in order to see how people would react if they changed the ratio of positive to negative stories in feeds. This study was done without the consent of the users and a member of Facebook's data science team apologised after the study was published and then criticised. Personalisation apparently now also includes personalisation for the purpose of psychological experimentation.
๋ถ์ ์ ์ปค๋ฎค๋ํฐ
- You aren't happy with the community or perceived community that comes baked in with the silo-based tools you use to publish. Perhaps you want to share photos of things you like without people making assumptions regarding your gender or race or social class (see danah boyd's The Not-So-Hidden Politics of Class Online).
์ธ๋์น ์บ ํ๊ฐ ํ์ํ ์ด์
- ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์ง์ ์น ์ฌ์ดํธ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ๋์์ธ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ค์ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ค.
- ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ค์ค๋ก ๋๋ฉ์ธ์ ์ป๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ํ์ฉํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ธ๋์น์บ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ด๋ฐ ๋ถ๋ค์ ๋์ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ง๋ค์์ต๋๋ค.
ํจ๊ป ์ธ๋์น์ ํค์ฐ๋๋ฐ ๋์ฐธํด ์ฃผ์ญ์์ค. (๋ ์์ธํ ์ฌํญ์ "Itches & Scratches: sharecropping and site death" - 2010-199 Federated Social Web Summit talk by Tantek์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ์ธ์.)
์ธ๋์น ์ปค๋ฎค๋ํฐ๊ฐ ํ์ํ ์ด์
- ์ธ๋์น์ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊พธ์คํ ์์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ธ๋์น ์บ ํ๋ "ํ์ฌ"๋ ์ค์ ์ถ์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ง๋์ ๋ญ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์๋ก ํฉ๋๋ค.
- ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด์๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ๋ค์๊ฒ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ ํ๊ณ ์ง์ํด์ฃผ์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
- ๋ญ๊ฐ ์๋ก์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ํํด์ ์๋ ค์ค๋๋ค.
- ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ ์ค ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋์ฐธํ๊ณ ์ถ์ผ์๋ฉด, ์์ํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ์ธ์!