All-source intelligence
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All-source intelligence is a term used to describe intelligence organizations, intelligence analysts, or intelligence products that are based on all available sources of intelligence collection information.[1][2]
History
[edit]The definition of all-source intelligence has changed over time. Intelligence analysts that produced intelligence primarily from SIGINT or IMINT, for instance, were considered single-INT producers. Because of the need to incorporate all-relevant information in reporting, IMINT analysts became GEOINT analysts that include not only IMINT but relevant information from other intelligence sources. This was especially important in the aftermath of the 9/11 intelligence failures. In 2004, following the 9/11 Commission's recommendations, the U.S. government established the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), which is the primary U.S. organization for analyzing and integrating all terrorism-related intelligence[3]. In the aftermath of these events, collaborative tools such as A-Space and Intellipedia are used for collaboration amongst all members of the Intelligence Community.[4]
Sources
[edit]Sources considered for use in all-source intelligence analysis include the following:[4]
- HUMINT – Intelligence gathered through interpersonal contact
- MASINT – Technical branch of intelligence gathering
- SIGINT – Intelligence-gathering by interception of signals
- GEOINT - The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe physical features and location-based activities.[5]
- IMINT – Intelligence gathered by means of imagery
- OSINT – Data collected from publicly available sources to be used in an intelligence context
- TECHINT – Information about the weapons and technological capabilities of a foreign adversary
Organizations
[edit]The following organizational components of the U.S. Intelligence Community employ analysts that produce all-source intelligence:[6]
- Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Analysis[7]
- Defense Intelligence Agency Directorate for Analysis[8]
- United States Army Intelligence and Security Command's National Ground Intelligence Center
- Office of Naval Intelligence's Farragut Technical Analysis Center[9]
- U.S. Air Force's National Air and Space Intelligence Center[10]
- U.S Marine Corps Intelligence's Marine Corps Intelligence Activity[11]
- United States Department of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research
- National Security Agency (select components)
- National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- Federal Bureau of Investigation's Intelligence Branch
- United States Coast Guard's Coast Guard Intelligence
- DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis
- United States Department of Treasury's Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
- Drug Enforcement Administration's DEA Office of National Security Intelligence
- United States Department of Energy's Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
- Office of the Director of National Intelligence: National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC), National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), National Intelligence Council (NIC), Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONCIX)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "All-source intelligence". USLegal.com. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- ↑ U.S. Department of Defense (February 15, 2013). Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- ↑ "National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)". www.everycrsreport.com. Retrieved 2026-11-01.
- 1 2 Fingar, Thomas (2012). A Guide to All-source Analysis (PDF). Vol. 19. Journal of Intelligence Studies. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- ↑ "10 U.S.C. § 467 (Cornell LII)".
- ↑ See individual articles for detailed references about all-source missions
- ↑ CIA. "CIA Directorate of Analysis". Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- ↑ DIA. "DIA Analysis and Counterintelligence". Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- ↑ ONI. "Farragut Technical Analysis Center". Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- ↑ Providing Invaluable Intelligence – A Brief History of the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC_history.pdf) (Report).
- ↑ "A Brief History of Headquarters Marine Corps Organization" (PDF). United States Marine Corps. 1970. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Boris Giannetto (2020). All-Source Intelligence: Reshaping an old Tool for Future Challenges. Security Affairs.
- Lowenthal, Mark M. (2009). Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press. pp. 38, 125, 139.
- Russell, Richard L. Loch K. Johnson (ed.). Achieving AllSource Fusion in the Intelligence Community. Handbook of Intelligence (New York: Routledge, 2009). pp. 189–198.
